Double Hydraulic-Electric (H-E) hybrid car new patented solutions of both electric and hydraulic hybrids achieved much more energy efficient operation of hybrid vehicle in urban traffic conditions.

Hybrid cars are entering the mass market increasingly in parallel with the conventional economic cars that pollute less the atmosphere.

In June 2009 for the first month through the financial crisis, sales of new cars showed growth in Europe. This is due to the state and municipal financial incentives for the purchase of new more economical and more environmentally friendly cars. The need for these incentives arises from at least two objectives:

The first is the continuous rapid global warming and the second- the accelerated depletion of world reserves of conventional petroleum fuels. Without a doubt the cars passed over the time of high oil consumption. New eco normatives in the European Union are aimed at providing a significant reduction in consumption of petroleum fuels, and the pollution caused by their combustion in car engines (internal combustion engines).

That prompted the beginning of the revival of pure electric cars. So far their range is limited by their small autonomic drive distance, high weight and high cost of operation because of the need for periodic replacement of the necessary electric batteries. And the electricity to charge the electric cars is also obtained from predominantly exhaustible primary energy sources - coal, gas, oil, nuclear fuels and others. Therefore they do not significantly reduce pollution and address the shortage of conventional fuels. Their essential advantage is the ability to cyclically regenerate the energy created in stopping the car through the reversible electromagnetic processes in their motors/generators, than stored in their electric batteries, with a view to its use for the further movement of car. Because of the greater autonomy of the hybrids compared with the electric cars, while preserving the cyclical regeneration of electric energy in the suspension they are preferred option. So far the most viable option was electric vehicles with internal combustion engines.

Advanced Smart Road Traffic System and Automotive Patents of Electric, Hydraulic and Hybrid Cars

Innovative down road Wind - PV power plants for battery charging of electric and plug-in hybrids

Only about 15% of the energy from the fuel you put in your tank gets used to move your car down the road or run useful accessories, such as air conditioning. The rest of the energy is lost to engine and drive line inefficiencies and idling. Therefore, the potential to improve fuel efficiency with advanced technologies is enormous. With an Electric Passenger Car it costs just €1.60 per 100kms with regenerative brakes more performance than with petrol at €17.00 per 100kms.

The main objective of our advanced vehicle powertrain hybridization is to simultaneously improve the fuel/energy consumption and environment pollutants impact (Eco-score) without decreasing the vehicle performances and other user satisfaction criteria. Based on our simulation model SMART DRIVE, one can evaluate the performances, the emissions and then the Ecoscore and the user satisfaction for different driving scenarios.

A parallel objective of our "car to traffic" optimization is to implement high efficient renewable energy power plants for car battery charging.

To establish a rationale methodology for assessing the eco-efficiency character, we adopt a multidisciplinary optimization approach while minimizing / maximizing both Eco-score and user satisfaction objective functions. The proposed approach is then used to establish a comparison between HEV (hybrid electric vehicle) and HHV (hybrid hydraulic vehicle) configuration by highlighting the effect of different energy storage systems (batteries, ultra capacitors, hydraulic system), mechanical and electric components sizes upon the optimized HEV design. The selected application is the comparison of different mild parallel hybrid buses. Results show that the hybrid electric buses using ultra capacitors have almost the same performances as those using batteries, while the HHV technology can compete with HEV because of the hydraulic components low cost and recyclability if possibly using of water as motor/pump fluid.

Number of patents gave different innovative solutions how to convert car kinetic energy in the cases of car decelerations and braking. All known solutions of energy recuperation using regenerative breaking system based on the car electric motor (s) as electric generator connected to the car battery. The problem is that electric motors are optimized to power car and not optimized as electric generators. The main aim of presented inventions is to develop a mechanical upgrade of the regenerative braking system that allows significantly increasing op power generating by motors operating as generators. The patent abstract see below.

AUTOMATED POWER SYSTEM FOR HYBRID AND ELECTRIC CARS (EV, HEV & HHV) Patent BG 65421

The automated power system regenerates the mechanical energy when a car stops that has a reversible electric machine. It helps achieve highly efficient recuperation of the kinetic energy when the carstops thanks to the gear-box, which increases the revolutions of the electric machine working as an electric generator when stopping. The system is energy saving and controlled by smart device. It is driven by a reversible electric machine (1) fed by an electric accumulator (2). The machine (1) is coupled to a gear-box (3) converting the motion and transmitting it to at least one wheel (4) of the car, which is controlled by a smart car driving block (5) that receives signals from an accelerator pedal (6) and by a car breaking block (7) that receives signals from a brake pedal (8). Two actuating mechanisms (9and 10) connected to the driving block (5) as well as other two actuating mechanisms (11 and 12) connected to the breaking block (7) are provided for regulating, respectively of the electric machine (1) as a motor and the gear-box (3) converting and transmitting the motion to at least one drive wheel (4), and vice versa û of the electric machine (1) as an electric generator and the gear-box (3) converting and transmitting the motion from at least one brake wheel (4) to the machine (1).

In addition the smart car driving block (5) provides a mode change control method of a hybrid vehicle, which can improve driving performance and power performance and provide a more stable vehicle behavior control during a mode change from an EV mode to a HEV mode. For this purpose, a transmission input speed is compared with an engine idle speed. If the transmission input speed is lower than the engine idle speed, the pressure of a clutch is open-loop controlled so that an optimal engine torque of operation point determination circuit can be transferred to the clutch. On the other hand, if the transmission input speed is equal to or higher than the engine idle speed, the clutch pressure is feedback-controlled so that a delta RPM follows a target delta RPM profile.

Benefits of the Patented fuel-effective technical solutions for environmentally friendly cars
The hybrid electric vehicles with internal combustion engines, apart of the fact that are heavy, more expensive to run and with higher operating costs, also have the disadvantage that in frequent stoppages and accelerations in urban traffic conditions, are loosing the kinetic energy in stopping of the car, which does not accumulate sufficiently in effective manner.

By new patented solutions of both electric and hydraulic hybrids achieved much more energy efficient operation of hybrid vehicle in urban traffic conditions.

COMBINED HYDRAULIC @ ELECTRIC REGENERATIVE BRAKES PARALLELED TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (Patents BG 65480 @ BG 65421)

Regenerative braking results from having a means to capture, store, and reuse the energy. It is possible to add this feature with hydraulic systems rather than relying upon electric drive. Research is needed to determine whether the addition of hydraulic “regen” is more cost effective than regenerative braking integral to an electric drive. The "hybrid hydraulic" "returns at least 70 percent of the braking energy back to the wheels. It uses compressed nitrogen gas rather than a liquid. But every combined solution (HYDRAULIC @ ELECTRIC REGENERATIVE BRAKES) aims synergy effect of both systems. In depend on hybrid car applications the proportions of HYDRAULIC @ ELECTRIC energy storage facilities are different. The main goal of the patent applications is to find the best fuel saving solution of a parallel HYDRAULIC @ ELECTRIC REGENERATIVE BRAKES. The result for the brake power distribution (based on detailed computer simulations) of a city / near city car is 13 (HYDRAULIC) to 7 (ELECTRIC).

See below a hydraulic motor-pump and electric motor-alternator in a common drive system with a internal combustion engine called H-E HYBRID car.

The Hydraulic-Electric (H-E) hybrid car shown on the pictures above constructed by both patents (BG 65480 @ BG 65421) that uses rpm multiplication to improve the efficiency of the parallel regenerative braking systems.

Regenerative braking system that uses pressurized fluid to store the braking energy is according to patent BG 65480. Regenerative braking system that uses electric battery & super capacitors to store the braking energy is according to patent BG 65421 The Hydraulic-Electric (H-E) hybrid 13/7 returns above 80 percent of the braking energy back to the wheels in city traffic.

The developed advanced double hybrid car takes synergy effects of both hydraulic and electric regenerative systems.